World Congress on
Advances in Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques

Biography:

Ahmed Mamun has worked in the career of pharmaceutical industry for 11 years, in the field of analytical chemistry, methodology and validation. Since 5 years he is a Quality control supervisor in orchidia pharmaceuticals for ophthalmic.He has been a researcher in analytical chemistry of faculty of pharmacy cairo university since 2012. He is the Editorial board member in Asian journal of Lifesciences.

Abstract:

In recent years, the whole field of ion-selective electrodes(ISEs) in pharmaceutical sciences has expanded far beyond its original roots. The diverse range of opportunities offered by ISEs was broadly used in a number of pharmaceutical applications, with topics presented ranging from bioanalysis of drugs and metabolites, to protein binding studies, green analytical chemistry, impurity profiling, and drug dissolution in biorelevant media. Inspired from these advances and with the aim of extending the functional capabilities of ISEs, the primary focus of the present paper is the utilization of ISE as a tool in personalized medicine. Given the opportunity to explore biological events in real-time (such as drug metabolism) could be central to personalized medicine. (ATR) is a chemo-degradable and bio-degradable pharmaceutically active drug. Laudanosine (LDS) is the major degradation product and metabolite of ATR and is potentially toxic and reported to possess epileptogenic activity which increases the risk of convulsive effects. In this work, ATR have been subjected to both chemical and biological hydrolysis, and the course ofthe reactions is monitored by means of a ISE. In this study, we have designed an efficient real-time tracking strategy which substantially resolve the challenges of the ATR chemical and biological degradation kinetics. By utilizing a potentiometric sensor, tracking of ATR chemical and biological degradation kinetics can be performed in a very short time with excellent accuracy. The LOD was calculated to be 0.23 mol L−1, the potential drift was investigated over a period of 60 min and the value was 0.25 mVh−1. Real serum samples for measurement the rate of in vitro metabolism of ATR was performed. Furthermore, a full description of the fabricated screen-printed sensor was presented. 

Biography:

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The work demonstrates the use of carbohydrate-conjugated nanomaterial (glyconanomaterial) to target bacterial pathogens. A collection of systematic studies done by several groups has demonstrated that bacteria can be specifically targeted using various oligosaccharides. Through our preliminary investigations we have discovered that oligosaccharide conjugated nanoparticles (glyconanoparticles) could be used to target strain specific bacteria. For example D-maltoheptaose (G7) and trehalose conjugated nanoparticle used to effectively target Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium spp. Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacterial strains is a growing global concern. We have demonstrated that these glyconanoparticles have been used as a carrier for antibiotics that would help target bacteria and reduce minimum inhibitory concentration of a conventional antibiotic. Antibiotic streptomycin (Str) is a broad range aminoglycoside typically used in the treatment of tuberculosis. We have bi-functionalized a nanoparticle using carbohydrate-G7 antibiotic-Str to produce glyconanoantibiotics (GNAs). As proof of concept for active targeting GNAs are used against a highly Str resistant E. coli strain. The GNAs demonstrated size dependent increased antibacterial efficacy few log folds improvement over the free the free antibiotic (Str).

Biography:

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To develop a new strategy for inflamed site-specific drug delivery in the colon for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), we focused on the interaction between myeloperoxidase (MPO) and human serum albumin (HSA) and prepared nanoparticles (HSA NPs) conjugated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), an anti-inflammatory drug. The 5-ASA-HSA NPs (nine molecules of 5-ASA per HSA molecule) were uniform particles with an average particle size of 190 nm, a zeta potential of -11.8 mV, and a polydispersity index of 0.35. This was considered a suitable particle characteristic to pass through the mucus layer and accumulate into the mucosa. The specific interaction between the 5-ASA-HSA NPs and MPO was observed using quartz crystal microbalance analysis in vitro. In addition, the 5-ASA-HSA NPs group containing one thousandth of the dose of the 5-ASA (75 μg/kg) showed significantly lower disease activity index values and colon weight/length ratios in UC model mice as similar to large amount of neat 5-ASA group (75 mg/kg), indicating that the therapeutic effect of the 5-ASA-HSA NP formulation was confirmed in vivo. Microscopic images of tissue sections of colon extracted from UC model mice demonstrated that HSA NPs and MPO were both localized in the colon, and this specific interaction between HSA NPs and MPO would be involved the in the therapeutic effect in vivo. Furthermore, in the 5-ASA and 5-ASA-HSA NPs groups, some inflammatory damage was observed in the colon, but the degree of damage was mild compared with the control and HSA NPs groups, suggesting mucosal repair and replacement with fibrous granulation tissue had occurred. Therefore, these data demonstrated for the first time, that an HSA NP formulation has the potential to specifically deliver 5-ASA to an inflamed site where MPO is highly expressed.

Biography:

Jayalakshmi Sridhar has her expertise in organic synthesis of complex molecules and computational molecular modeling. Her research work group focuses on the development of modulators for three classes of proteins - (1) protein kinases that regulate many of the key signaling pathways in the cell, (2) the cytochrome P450 enzymes that metabolize exogenous and endogenous substances in the body and (3) Liver X Receptor b that is a key mediator in many of the cellular processes. The development of new synthetic methods for the target molecule is part of the research focus. The discovery of one such reaction trais a practical, efficient, and transition metal free approach to the synthesis of binaphthyltetraones using Diels-Alder reaction of substituted trimethylsilane dienes with benzoquinone.

Abstract:

Quinones are key structural components in many natural products, and therapeutic drugs impacting many disease conditions, viz antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-tumor, inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis and anti-cardiovascular disease. As part of our efforts in the design and development of kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutics for cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, the synthesis of monohydroxynaphthoquinones using Diels-Alder reaction was pursued. This lead to the discovery of a novel method for the synthesis of 2,2’-bis(naphthoquinones)  using conjugated ketene silyl acetals with benzoquinone. The analysis of the reaction conditions and the product structures using NMR and X-ray lead to the elucidation of a credible mechanism of dimer formation. The control of reactant stoichiometry to yield either the monomer of the dimer product is explored. The results of the study of this new synthetic method are presented.

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We synthesized polymeric constructs consisting of polyacrylate cores and peptide epitopes derived from bacterial or cancer antigens. The peptide epitopes were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis, whereas polymeric cores were synthesized by successive atom transfer radical polymerization. Unprotected peptide epitopes containing an N-terminus azide moiety were conjugated to core structures via copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition “click” reaction. The self-adjuvanting vaccine particles were formed under aqueous conditions and purified by dialysis. The particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and elemental analysis to determine size and conjugation efficacy between polymer and peptides. Ability of nanoparticles to induce humoral immune responses against Group A Streptoccocus was examined in mice. To test the efficacy of polymer-peptide conjugates as a therapeutic vaccine against established tumors, in vivo tumor treatment experiments were performed based on well-established procedures with C57BL/6 mice using TC-1 tumor model.

The designed new delivery system based on the polyacrylate polymer with self-assembled properties induced humoral immune responses which were dependent on the particle size. The strong immune responses were observed even after single subcutaneous immunization. The produced antibodies were able to recognize and kill clinical isolated bacterial strains. The polymer-peptide conjugates were also used for the design of therapeutic vaccine against cervical cancer. Treatment with these conjugates led to significantly better survival compared to treatment with any other immunogens including IFA-adjuvanted positive control. Our findings suggested that this delivery system is a promising strategy for the design of prophylactic vaccines to induce humoral immunity as well as therapeutic peptide-based vaccines that induce adequate cellular immunity against a target disease. This delivery system also removes the use of incompletely defined and ordinarily toxic immune adjuvants, producing a safe and effective for potential vaccines for human use.

Biography:

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Strict guidelines are enforced by governing bodies of different countries for the APC of dietary and natural products. In the current study, effect of processing parameters on microbial bio-burden is explored. Effect of process parameters of high shear (HS) and fluidized top spray (TS) granulation on microbial bio-burden of tablets containing natural products was studied. Components of formulation were accurately weighed and blended using a V-blender to prepare 6 kg batches each for HS and TS processes. 24full factorial design was created using Minitab® as shown in Table 1. High shear wet granulation was carried out in a GEA PMA™ using starch slurry in de-ionized water. Wet mass was passed through a co-mill and then dried in a fluidized bed drier until constant LOD values were obtained. Fluidized top spray granulation was carried out in a GEA MP1™. Inlet air temperature and velocity were modified as per Table 1. Post drying, granules were milled at two different speeds and then compressed on a rotary tablet press at two different main compression forces. Aerobic plate count (APC) swabs, loss on drying and water activity were performed before each processing stage through final tableting. Initial dry blend APC was an average 50000 CFU/g. Figure 1 shows a 1.3-fold decrease in APC after the milling step post high shear granulation while a 3.5-fold kill after the drying step in fluidized bed drier. Post tableting, a 47-fold APC decrease was observed for low compression forces while a 50-fold for high forces. High rate of microbial kill during tableting could be attributed to the high shear forces and localized heating while the press is running. This work takes a deep dive into identification and optimization of each processing step involved in tableting in regard to the microbial load of the final formulations.

Biography:

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It is of utmost importance to deliver protein in safe and efficacious form from the nano particulate delivery system knowing that adsorption of proteins on to nanoparticle surfaces involves complex interactions including hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction and/or interaction between adsorbed protein molecules which may lead to loss of protein stability. However, adsorption based drug delivery systems for protein drugs would be one of the simplest and most effective forms of drug if the mechanistic understanding of adsorption of proteins at solid/liquid interfaces is obtained. Evaluation of the changes in structure of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) upon adsorption at biodegradable Poly (lactide-co-glycolide)PLGA nanoparticles of different hydrophobicity as a function of pH revealed the polymer grades suitable for delivery system.  The comprehension of structural stability and polymer grade is extremely useful in developing sustained delivery of protein like r-hGH. This kind of dosage form is currently lacking in the market despite the facts that r-hGH was first approved for use by FDA in 1995, the conventional dosage form in the market has a limitation of daily subcutaneous injections, a long-acting dosage form of r-hGH; Nutropin depot was discontinued in 2004, about 5 years after its approval from FDA and since then continued research has been focused in this area. Thus, direct evaluation of secondary and tertiary structural conformations of the adsorbed proteins on the polymer surface with the analytical techniques such as dynamic light scattering Spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy will help understand the nature of the interactions that govern the adsorption of the protein on the polymer, leading to successful design of nano particulate delivery systems.

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Purpose: To prepare a new EGCG delivery system by utilizing nano-EGCG loaded thermoreversible in situ hydrogel to enhance EGCG stability and resident time in adipose tissue ablation.  The present study may poetically provide a better way to achieve a maximum therapeutically benefit of nano-EGCG on abdominal obesity treatment.

Methods: Nano-EGCG was prepared using a phase inversion-based process by encapsulating EGCG into chitosan coated nanostructured lipid carriers. Nano-EGCG was then dispersed into thermoreversible Pluronic® F127-based hydrogel by cold method. The sol-gel transition temperatures were evaluated using inverted tube method. The stability of native EGCG, nano-EGCG solution, nan-EGCG loaded gel were investigated in 1×PBS (pH=7.4) at 37°C for 15 days.  In vitro EGCG release from nano-EGCG loaded in situ gel were detected by a membrane-less diffusion method. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cells were determined by MTT and an enzymatic method, respectively.

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A recent approach for controlled release of drugs comprise natural-derived biopolymers since they show superior biodegradable/biocompatible features. In this study, nanofibers containing natural melanin and amyloid-like bovine serum albumin (mel/BSA) were produced by single-needle electrospinning to investigate drug release behavior of water soluble model drug, namely ampicillin. Prior to electrospinning, natural melanin was extracted from cuttle fish ink to prepare electrospinning solution. 20%, 10% and %5 (w:w) ampicilling:BSA including nanofibers were produced under 21 kV, 0.3 ml/h for 4 hours. Nanofiber formation and morphology for different drug formulations was observed by scanning electron microscope. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that some compatibility exists between ampicillin and mel/BSA nanofibers. Moreover, drug release tests were conducted to explain the relationship between the drug release behavior and carrier morphology. For single electrospun nanofibers, 87% of the loaded drug was released within the 96 hours. Together, these imply that drug release vehicles could be extended to melanin functionalized biopolymer carriers.

Biography:

Abstract:

The eye is an intricate organ, it consists of many barriers that help to protect and maintain its normal function. It is made up of two segments, the anterior segment – which includes the cornea, ciliary body, conjunctiva, sclera, and anterior uvea – and the posterior segment – which includes the retina and vitreous body. The protective design of the eye makes delivery of drugs to the back of the eye (posterior segment) difficult. However, with an ageing population, there is an increased number of blinding conditions that occur in the posterior segment that requires more effective and long-acting drug delivery systems (Mashaghi et al., 2016; Marshal, 1987).